The procedure of writing an appraisal report consists of an evaluation which forms an opinion of value.
This opinion or estimate is discerned by a formal method that typically utilizes the three main "common approaches to value".
One of the processes in use is the Cost Approach, which evaluates what it would cost to restore the improvements to the home, less the age and physical deterioration, adding the land value.
Easily the most common approach in figuring the value of a house is the Sales Comparison Approach which involves making a comparison to comparable homes nearby.
The Sales Comparison Approach is commonly the most definitive and best indicator of cost for a house.
The Income Approach is mainly used for finding the worth of income-producing properties based on what an investor would pay based on the amount of income a property produce.
An appraiser makes an unbiased opinion on the worth of a property used in a real estate transaction.
A complete analysis is shown by the appraiser in a report.
There are many reasons to purchase an appraisal. The most common reasons for an appraisal are real estate and mortgage transactions.
A few other reasons for getting an appraisal include:
If you are applying for a loan.
To lower your tax burden.
To show the replacement cost of PMI.
To challenge inflated property taxes.
If you need to settle an estate.
To give you an edge when purchasing real estate.
To determine a reasonable price when selling real estate.
To defend your rights in a condemnation case.
Government agencies such as the IRS need an appraisal on every house.
It's possible you could be involved in a lawsuit - an appraisal will help.
Appraisers estimate the market value of a property based on the property's characteristics and how they relate to the surrounding neighborhood (market area). Appraisers do not do provide home inspections and we are not home inspectors.
The point of a home inspection is to investigate the structure of the property from foundation to attic.
For the most part, a home inspection report will explain the amenities and the requirements of the house: air conditioning (weather permitting), electrical services, the condition of the heating system, the plumbing; then the structural capacity of the home such as the attic, visible insulation, walls, floors, ceilings, windows, then the foundation, basement and visible structures.
There are many differences between a CMA and an appraisal. The CMA utilizes market trends to conduct most of their business.
An appraisal is based on comparable sales that can be validated by public record.
Area and architectural values are also considered in an appraisal.
The CMA will provide a non-specific figure.
An appraisal delivers a defensible and carefully documented opinion of value.
But the biggest difference is the person creating the report. A CMA is created by a real estate agent who may or may not have a true grasp of the market or valuation concepts. The appraisal is created by a licensed, certified professional who has made a career out of valuing properties. Further, the appraiser is an independent voice, with no vested interest in the value of a home, unlike the real estate agent, whose income is tied to the value of the home.
Each report must reflect a credible estimate of value and must identify the following:
The client and other intended users.
The intended use of the report.
The purpose of the assignment.
The type of value reported and the definition of the value reported.
The effective date of the appraiser's opinions and conclusions.
Relevant property characteristics, including location attributes, physical attributes, legal attributes, economic attributes, the real property interest valued, and Non real estate items included in the appraisal, such as personal property, including trade fixtures and intangible items.
All known: easements, restrictions, encumbrances, leases, reservations, covenants, contracts, declarations, special assessments, ordinances, and other items of a similar nature.
Division of interest, such as fractional interest, physical segment and partial holding.
The scope of work used to complete the assignment.
In communicating an appraisal report, each appraiser must ensure the following:
The information analysis utilized in the appraisal was appropriate.
Significant errors of omission or commission were not committed individually or collectively.
Appraisal services were not rendered in a careless or negligent manner.
A credible, supportable appraisal report was communicated.
Most states require that real estate appraisers are state licensed or certified. The state licensed or certified appraiser is trained to render an unbiased opinion based upon extensive education and experience requirements. To become licensed or certified, appraisers must fulfill rigorous education and experience requirements. In addition, appraisers must abide by a strict industry code of ethics and comply with national standards of practice for real estate appraisal. The rules for developing an appraisal and reporting its results are insured by enforcement of the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP).
Regulations regarding licensing and certification of Real Estate Appraisers vary from state to state. Current requirements to be a State Certified Appraiser in Texas include: 2,500 hours of acceptable and verifiable appraisal experience (under the supervision of an approved Certified Appraiser), a Bachelor's degree or higher, 200 hours of qualifying appraisal education, and pass a state required examination. To maintain appraiser's license, continuing education is required. More information regarding Texas Appraiser Requirements may be found at www.TALCB.texas.gov.
Typically, appraisers are employed by lenders to estimate the value of real estate involved in a loan transaction. Appraisers also provide opinions in litigation cases, tax matters and investment decisions.
Gathering data is one of the primary roles of an appraiser. Data can be divided into Specific and General. Specific data is gathered from the home itself. Location, condition, amenities, size and other specific data are gathered by the appraiser during an inspection.
General data is gathered from a number of sources. Local Multiple Listing Services (MLS) provide data on recently sold homes that might be used as comparables. Tax records and other public documents verify actual sales prices in a market. Flood zone data is gathered from FEMA data outlets, such as Metro Appraisals' InterFlood product. And most importantly, the appraiser gathers general data from his or her past experience in creating appraisals for other properties in the same market.
Anytime the value of your home or other real property is being used to make a significant financial decision, an appraisal helps. If you're selling your home, an appraisal helps you set the most appropriate value. If you're buying, it makes sure you don't overpay. If you're engaged in an estate settlement or divorce, it ensures that property is divided fairly. A home is often the single, largest financial asset anybody owns. Knowing its true value means you can the right financial decisions.
PMI stands for Private Mortgage Insurance. It insures a lender against loss on homes purchased with a down-payment of less than 20%. Once equity in the home reaches 20% you can eliminate the PMI and start saving immediately.
The first step in most appraisals is the home inspection. During this process, the appraiser will come to your home and measure it, determine the layout of the rooms inside, confirm all aspects of the home's general condition, and take several photos of your house for inclusion in the report. The best thing you can do to help is make sure the appraiser has easy access to the exterior of the house. Trim any bushes and move any items that would make it difficult to measure the structure. On the inside, make sure that the appraiser can easily access items like furnaces and water heaters.
The following Items, if available, will help your appraiser to provide a more accurate appraisal in a shorter period of time:
A survey of the house and property.
A list of any improvements that have been made in the past five years.
A copy of the original plans.
Market value or fair market value is the most probable price that a property should bring (will sell for) in a competitive and open market under all conditions requisite to a fair sale, the buyer and seller, each acting prudently, knowledgeably and assuming the price is not affected by undue stimulus. Implicit in this definition is the consummation of a sale as of a specified date and the passing of title from seller to buyer under conditions whereby: (1) buyer and seller are typically motivated; (2) both parties are well informed or well advised; (3) a reasonable time is allowed for exposure to the open market; (4) payment is made in terms of cash in U.S. dollars or in terms of financial arrangements comparable thereto; and (5) the price represents the normal consideration for the property sold unaffected by special or creative financing or sales concessions granted by anyone associated with the sale.
In most real estate transactions, the appraisal is ordered by the lender. While the home buyer pays for the report as part of the closing costs, the lender retains the right to use the report or any information contained within. The home buyer is entitled to a copy of the report - it's usually included with all of the other closing documents - but is not entitled to use the report for any other purpose without permission from the lender.
The exception to this rule is when a home owner engages an appraiser directly. In these cases, the appraiser may stipulate how the appraisal can be used; for PMI removal, or estate planning or tax challenges, for example. If not stipulated otherwise, the home owner can use the appraisal for any purpose.
The answer to this is different depending upon the location of the home. Different markets value amenities differently. Adding a central air conditioner in Houston, Texas may add significant value, while putting one in a home located in Buffalo, New York might not have much impact.
As a rule, the most value returned from renovating a home comes in the kitchen. According to one national survey, kitchen remodels returned an average of 88% of the investment. In other words, a $10,000 kitchen remodeling project would add approximately $8,800 to the value of the home. Bathrooms were second, returning 85%.
Garvin Appraisals, LLC is ready to talk to you about any concerns you might have about appraisals or real estate in the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex.
Don't hesitate to contact us today.